Four...Sonnets...Made When his Lady Had Pain in her Face,
Sir Philip Sidney

This sequence of four sonnets was first published in 1598 as part of the first collected edition of Sidney's works. The four sonnets appear in a section entitled Certain Sonnets and are grouped (in the order listed below) under this general title: "These Four Following Sonnets Were Made When his Lady Had Pain in her Face." Since there is no actual documentation of who she was or what the "pain in her face" might have been, Sidney has left interpretation up to his audience. Much of the poetry appearing in Certain Sonnets shows Sidney's pessimism about desire and the possible refining power of love. (William A. Ringler, Jr. edited the complete poems of Sidney, including Certaine Sonnets, in 1962.)

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