namespace dc = "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
namespace dcterms = "http://purl.org/dc/terms/"
namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"
namespace local = ""
namespace od = "http://www.example.net/od#"
namespace odbib = "http://www.example.net/odbib#"
namespace rdf = "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"

[
  dc:creator [ "Bruce D’Arcus" ]
  dc:description [
    "This an example for bibligraphic metadata modeled on DOAP: a clean XML representation that is also RDF."
  ]
]
start = element rdf:RDF {(odbib.References | odbib.Agents | odbib.Events)+}
# generic RDF structures
div {
  ID =
    attribute rdf:about { xsd:anyURI }
    | attribute rdf:ID { xsd:anyURI }?
  
  ## to handle ordered lists 
  div {
    Sequence = element rdf:Seq { ListItem+ }
    ListItem = element rdf:li { URI | Resource }
  }
  # literals
  div {
    # string literals
    Literal =
      text,
      attribute xml:lang { xsd:language }?
    # embedded XML content (say for MathML, etc.)
    XMLLiteral =
      text,
      attribute rdf:parseType { "Literal" },
      attribute xml:lang { xsd:language }?
    Resource = element * - (local:*) { rdf.property+ }
    rdf.property = element * - (local:*) { (Literal | URI) | Resource }
  }
  URI = attribute rdf:resource { xsd:anyURI }
}
# Classes
div {
  # reference types
  div {
    odbib.References =
      Abstract
      | Article
      | Bill
      | Book
      | Broadcast
      | Collection
      | CourtReporter
      | Data
      | EditedBook
      | Hearing
      | Image
      | Interview
      | Journal
      | LegalCase
      | Legislation
      | Magazine
      | Manuscript
      | Map
      | MotionPicture
      | Pamphlet
      | Paper
      | Patent
      | Periodical
      | PersonalCommunication
      | Photograph
      | Poster
      | Proceedings
      | Report
      | Review
      | Series
      | Speech
      | Thesis
    # basic patterns by class
    div {
      odbib.part = (odbib.base-properties & odbib.containedIn & odbib.part-properties), ID
      odbib.monograph = (odbib.base-properties & odbib.edition? & odbib.partOf? & odbib.original?), ID
      odbib.serial = odbib.base-properties, ID
      odbib.generic = (odbib.base-properties & odbib.containedIn? & odbib.partOf?), ID
      odbib.presentation =
        (odbib.base-properties & odbib.containedIn? & odbib.presentedAt? & odbib.part-properties),
        ID
      odbib.collection = odbib.collection-properties, ID
    }
    div {
      Abstract = element odbib:Abstract { odbib.part }
      Article = element odbib:Article { odbib.part }
      Bill = element odbib:Bill { odbib.part }
      Book = element odbib:Book { odbib.monograph }
      Broadcast = element odbib:Broadcast { odbib.generic }
      Collection = element odbib:Collection { odbib.collection }
      CourtReporter = element odbib:CourtReporter { odbib.part }
      Data = element odbib:Data { odbib.generic }
      EditedBook = element odbib:EditedBook { odbib.monograph }
      Hearing = element odbib:Hearing { odbib.generic }
      Image = element odbib:Image { odbib.generic }
      Interview = element odbib:Image { odbib.part }
      Journal = element odbib:Journal { odbib.serial }
      LegalCase = element odbib:LegalCase { odbib.part }
      Legislation = element odbib:Legislation { odbib.part }
      Magazine = element odbib:Magazine { odbib.serial }
      Manuscript = element odbib:Manuscript { odbib.monograph }
      Map = element odbib:Map { odbib.generic }
      MotionPicture = element odbib:MotionPicture { odbib.monograph }
      Pamphlet = element odbib:Pamphlet { odbib.monograph }
      Paper = element odbib:Paper { odbib.presentation }
      Patent = element odbib:Patent { odbib.monograph }
      Periodical = element odbib:Periodical { odbib.serial }
      PersonalCommunication = element odbib:PersonalCommunication { odbib.generic }
      Photograph = element odbib:Photograph { odbib.generic }
      Poster = element odbib:Poster { odbib.presentation }
      Proceedings = element odbib:Proceedings { odbib.monograph }
      Report = element odbib:Report { odbib.monograph }
      Review = element odbib:Review { odbib.part }
      Series = element odbib:Series { odbib.collection }
      Speech = element odbib:Speech { odbib.presentation }
      Thesis = element odbib:Thesis { odbib.monograph }
    }
  }
  # agents
  div {
    # Contributors and contributor names are one of the difficult issues in bibligraphic
    # metadata. RDF adds an additional complication which is that by default RDF properties
    # an unordered. So the first thing we do is insist that authors are represented as an 
    # rdf sequence.
    odbib.Authors =
      element odbib:authors {
        element rdf:Seq {
          element rdf:li { odbib.Agents | URI }*
        }
      }
    odbib.Agents = odbib.Person | odbib.Organization
    odbib.Person = element odbib:Person { ID, odbib.PersonProperties }
    odbib.Organization = element odbib:Organization { ID, odbib.OrganizationProperties }
    div {
      # The other complication is personal names in particular. Ideal requirements:
      #   1. must be able to represent complex Western and non-Western names in machine-processable ways
      #       example 1: "J. Edgar Hoover"
      #       example 2: any Asian name, with its reversed (in relation to 1) sort order
      # 
      #   2. support internationalization, which includes transliterated names
      # 
      # Below is a minimal example that needs more work.
      div {
        odbib.PersonProperties =
          odbib.prefix?
          & odbib.givenname?
          & odbib.surname?
          & odbib.suffix?
          & odbib.name?
          & odbib.articular?
        odbib.givenname = element odbib:givenname { Literal }
        odbib.surname = element odbib:surname { Literal }
        odbib.prefix = element odbib:prefix { Literal }
        odbib.suffix = element odbib:suffix { Literal }
        
        ## articular refers to examples like "von" or "bin" which typically precede surnames, but are not sorted on
        odbib.articular = element odbib:articular { Literal }
      }
      div {
        odbib.OrganizationProperties = odbib.name & odbib.abbreviatedName? & odbib.address?
        odbib.name = element odbib:name { Literal }
        odbib.abbreviatedName = element odbib:abbreviatedName { Literal }
        odbib.address = odbib.city
        odbib.city = element odbib:city { URI | Literal }
      }
    }
  }
  # events
  div {
    odbib.Events = odbib.Conference | odbib.Workshop
    odbib.Conference =
      element odbib:Conference {
        (odbib.base-properties & (odbib.date | odbib.dateRange)),
        ID
      }
    odbib.Workshop =
      element odbib:Workshop {
        (odbib.base-properties & (odbib.date | odbib.dateRange)),
        ID
      }
  }
}
# properties
div {
  odbib.base-properties =
    odbib.title*
    & odbib.abbreviatedTitle*
    & odbib.dateIssued?
    & odbib.Authors?
    & odbib.item*
    & odbib.publisher?
    & odbib.identifier*
  odbib.part-properties =
    odbib.volume_number? & odbib.issue_number? & odbib.document_number? & odbib.page_numbers?
  odbib.collection-properties = odbib.partOf
  # titles
  div {
    odbib.title = element odbib:title { Literal | XMLLiteral }
    odbib.abbreviatedTitle = element odbib:abbreviatedTitle { Literal | XMLLiteral }
  }
  # relations
  # here is the important difference fromi DC and PRISM; we add more fine-grained relations
  div {
    odbib.containedIn = element odbib:containedIn { URI | odbib.References }
    odbib.presentedAt = element odbib:presentedAt { URI | odbib.Events }
    odbib.partOf = element odbib:partOf { URI | odbib.References }
    # not sure reviewOf is necessary
    odbib.reviewOf = element odbib:reviewOf { URI | odbib.References }
    odbib.original = element odbib:original { URI | odbib.References }
  }
  div {
    odbib.publisher = element odbib:publisher { URI | odbib.Organization }
    odbib.volume_number = element odbib:volume { Literal }
    odbib.issue_number = element odbib:issue { Literal }
    odbib.document_number = element odbib:document { Literal }
    odbib.edition = element odbib:edition { Literal }
    odbib.page_numbers = element odbib:pages { Literal }
    odbib.identifier = element odbib:identifier { URI }
  }
  div {
    # Dates in bibliographic metadata are sometimes difficult. Consider "Summer 2000"
    # or "March/April 2001" or "April 1-5, 1999" or (even more diffcult) "April 1, 3, 5."
    # This may need more thought.
    odbib.dateIssued = element odbib:dateIssued { xsd:date | xsd:gYear | xsd:gYearMonth }
    odbib.date = element odbib:date { xsd:date | xsd:gYear | xsd:gYearMonth }
    odbib.dateRange = odbib.beginDate & odbib.endDate
    odbib.beginDate = element odbib:beginDate { xsd:date | xsd:gYear | xsd:gYearMonth }
    odbib.endDate = element odbib:endDate { xsd:date | xsd:gYear | xsd:gYearMonth }
  }
  div {
    odbib.item = element odbib:item { URI | odbib.Copy }
    odbib.Copy = odbib.PhysicalCopy | odbib.ElectronicCopy
    odbib.PhysicalCopy = element odbib:PhysicalCopy { odbib.item-properties* }
    odbib.ElectronicCopy = element odbib:ElectronicCopy { odbib.item-properties* }
    odbib.item-properties = odbib.location | odbib.accessDate | odbib.audience | odbib.owner
    odbib.location = element odbib:location { Literal | URI }
    odbib.accessDate = element odbib:accessDate { xsd:date }
    odbib.audience = element odbib:audience { text }
    odbib.owner = element odbib:owner { URI | Literal }
  }
}