Resource
Readings
Psychology
645.4: Psychotherapy Outcome Research
William B. Stiles, Instructor
Fall Semester, 2005
Reviews
of Outcome Research
Elliott,
R., Greenberg, L. S., & Lietaer, G. (2004). Research on experiential
psychotherapies. In M. J. Lambert, (Ed), Bergin
and Garfield's handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (5th ed.), New
York: Wiley.
Dobson
K. (1989). A meta-analysis of the efficacy of cognitive therapy for depression. Journal
of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57, 414-420.
Gloaguen,
V., Cottraux, J., Cucherat, M., & Blackburn, I-M. (1998). A meta-analysis of
the effects of cognitive therapy in depressed patients. Journal
of Affective Disorders, 49, 59-72.
Hollon,
S. D., Thase, M. E., & Markowitz, J. C. (2002). Treatment and prevention of
depression. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 3, 39-77
Hollon,
S. D., & Beck, A. T. (2004). Cognitive and cognitive behavioral therapies.
In M. J. Lambert (Ed.), Garfield and Bergin's Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change
(5th ed., pp 447-492). New York: Wiley.
Lambert,
M. J., & Ogles, B. M. (2004). The efficacy and effectiveness of
psychotherapy. In M. J. Lambert (Ed.) Bergin
and Garfield's handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (5th ed.). New
York: Wiley.
Lambert,
M. J., & Bergin, A. E. (1994). The effectiveness of psychotherapy. In A. E.
Bergin & S. L. Garfield (Eds.), Handbook
of psychotherapy and behavior change (4th ed., pp. 143-189). New York:
Wiley.
Leichsenring,
F. (2001). Comparative effects of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and
cognitive-behavioral therapy in depression: a meta-analytic approach. Clinical
Psychology Review, 21, 401-419.
Leichsenring,
F., & Leibing, E. (2003). The effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy and
cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of personality disorders: a
meta-analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 1223-1232.
Leichsenring
F., Rabung, S., & Leibing E. (2004). The efficacy of short-term
psychodynamic psychotherapy in specific psychiatric disorders: a meta-analysis. Archives
of General Psychiatry, 6, 1208-16.
Lipsey,
M. W., & Wilson, D. B. (1993). The efficacy of psychological, educational,
and behavioral treatment: Confirmation from meta-analysis. American
Psychologist, 48, 1181-1209.
Roth,
A., & Fonagy, P. (2004). What works
for whom? A critical review of psychotherapy research (second edition). New
York: Guilford Publications, 2004.
Shadish,
W. R., Matt, G. E., Navarro, A. N., & Phillips, G. (2000). The effects of
psychological therapies under clinically representative conditions.
Psychological Bulletin, 126, 512-529.
Shapiro,
D. A., & Shapiro, D. (1982). Meta-analysis of comparative therapy outcome
studies: A replication and refinement. Psychological
Bulletin, 92, 581-604.
Smith,
M. L., & Glass, G. V. (1977). Meta-analysis of psychotherapy outcome
studies. American Psychologist, 32, 752-760.
Smith,
M. L., Glass, G. V., & Miller, T. I. (1980). The
benefits of psychotherapy. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Wampold,
B. E., Mondin, G. W., Moody, M., Stich, F., Benson, K., & Ahn, H. N. (1997).
A meta-analysis of outcome studies comparing bona fide psychotherapies:
Empirically, ''all must have prizes." Psychological
Bulletin, 122, 203-215.
Wampold,
B. E. (2001). The great psychotherapy debate: Models, methods, and findings.
Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Westen,
D., & Morrison, K. (2001). A multidimensional meta-analysis of treatments
for depression, panic, and generalized anxiety disorder: An empirical
examination of the status of empirically supported therapies.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical
Psychology, 69, 875-899.
Dodo
Verdict
Beutler,
L. E. (1991). Have all won and must all have prizes? Revisiting Luborsky et
al.'s verdict. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 226-232.
Elliott,
R., Stiles, W. B., & Shapiro, D. A. (1993). "Are some psychotherapies
more equivalent than others?" In T. R. Giles (Ed.), Handbook
of effective psychotherapy (pp. 455-479). New York: Plenum Press.
Luborsky,
L., Singer, B., & Luborsky, L. (1975). Comparative studies of
psychotherapies: Is it true that "Everyone has won and all must have
prizes"? Archives of General
Psychiatry, 32, 995-1008.
Norcross,
J. C. (1995). Dispelling the dodo bird verdict and the exclusivity myth in
psychotherapy. Psychotherapy, 32, 500-504.
Rosenzweig,
S. (1936). Some implicit common factors in diverse methods of psychotherapy. American
Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 6, 412-415.
Stiles,
W. B., Shapiro, D. A., & Elliott, R. (1986). "Are all psychotherapies
equivalent?" American Psychologist, 41, 165 180.
Some
Major Studies of Outcome
Barlow,
D., Gorman, J., Shear, M.K., & Woods, S.W. (2000).
Cognitive-behavioral therapy, imipramine, or their combination for panic
disorder: A randomized controlled
trial. Journal
of the American Medical Association,
283, 2529-2536.
Clark,
D., Salkovskis, P., Hackman, A., Middleton, H., Anastasiades, P. & Gelder M.
(1994). A comparison of cognitive therapy, applied relaxation and imipramine in
the treatment of panic disorder. British
Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 759-769.
Crits-Christoph,
P. (1999). Psychosocial treatments for cocaine dependence: National Institute on
Drug Abuse Collaborative Cocaine Treatment Study. Archives
of General Psychiatry, 56, 493-502.
Elkin,
I. (1994). The NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program:
Where we began and where we are. In A. E. Bergin & S. L. Garfield (Eds.), Handbook
of psychotherapy and behavior change, 4th ed. (pp. 114-139). New York:
Wiley.
Elkin,
I., Shea, M. T., Watkins, J. T., Imber, S. D, Sotsky, S. M., Collins, J. F.,
Glass, D. R, Pilkonis, P. A., Leber, W. R., Docherty, J. P., Fiester, S. J.,
& Parloff, M. B. (1989). National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of
Depression Collaborative Research Program: General effectiveness of treatments. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, 971-982.
Goldman,
R. N., Greenberg, L. S., & Angus, L. (in press). The effects of adding
emotion-focused interventions to the therapeutic relationship in the treatment
of depression. Psychotherapy Research.
Greenberg,
L. S., & Watson, J. (1998). Experiential therapy of depression: Differential
effects of client centered relationship conditions and active experiential
interventions. Psychotherapy Research, 8,
210-224.
Hollon,
S., DeRubeis, R., Evans, M., Weimer, M., Garvey, M., Grove, W. & Tuason, V.
(1992). Cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy for depression. Archives
of General Psychitry, 49, 774-781.
Seligman,
M. (1995). The effectiveness of psychotherapy: The Consumer Reports study. American
Psychologist, 50, 965-974.
Shapiro,
D. A., & Firth, J. A. (1987) Prescriptive vs. Exploratory Psychotherapy:
Outcomes of the Sheffield Psychotherapy Project. British
Journal of Psychiatry, 151,
790-799.
Shapiro,
D. A., Barkham, M., Rees, A. Hardy, G. E., Reynolds, S., & Startup, M.
(1994). Effects of treatment duration and severity of depression on the
effectiveness of cognitive/behavioral and psychodynamic/interpersonal
psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and
Clinical Psychology, 62, 522-534.
Sloane,
R. B., Staples, F. R., Cristol, A. H., Yorkston, N. J., & Whipple, K.
(1975). Psychotherapy versus behavior
therapy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Strupp,
H. H., & Hadley, S. W. (1979). Specific versus nonspecific factors in
psychotherapy: A controlled study of outcome. Archives
of General Psychiatry, 36,
1125-1136.
Ward,
E., King, M., Lloyd, M., Bower, P., Sibbald, B., Farrelly, S., Gabbay, M.,
Tarrier, N., & Addington-Hall, J. (2000). Randomised controlled trial of
non-directive counselling, cognitive-behaviour therapy, and usual general
practitioner care for patients with depression. I: Clinical effectiveness. BMJ,
321, 1383 - 1388.
Watson,
J.C., Gordon, L.B. Stermac, L., Steckley, P., & Kalogerakos, A.
(2003). Comparing the effectiveness of process-experiential with
cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy in the treatment of depression. Journal
of Consulting and Clinical Psychology.
Follow-up
Studies
Shapiro,
D., & Firth-Cozens, J. (1990). Two-year follow-up of the Sheffield
psychotherapy project. British Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 389-391.
Shapiro,
D. A., Rees, A., Barkham, M., Hardy, G. E., Reynolds, S., & Startup, M. J.
(1995). Effects of treatment duration and severity of depression on the
maintenance of gains following cognitive/behavioral and
psychodynamic/interpersonal psychotherapy. Journal
of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 378-387.
Shea,
M., Elkin, I., Imber, S., Sotsky, S., Watkins, J., Collins, J., Pilkonis, P.,
Beckham, E., Glass, D., Dolan, R. & Parloff, M. (1992). Course of depressive
symptoms over follow-up: findings from the National Institue of Mental Health
treatment of depression collaborative research program. Archives
of General Psychiatry, 49, 782-787.
Assessment
of Outcome: Methods
Haaga,
D. A. F., & Stiles, W. B. (2000). Randomized clinical trials in
psychotherapy research: Methodology, design, and evaluation. In C. R. Snyder
& R. E. Ingram (Eds.), Handbook of
psychological change: Psychotherapy processes and practices for the 21st century
(pp. 14-39). New York: Wiley.
Kazdin,
A. E. (1986). Comparative outcome studies of psychotherapy: Methodological
issues and strategies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 95-105.
Kazdin,
A. E. (1994). Methodology, design, and evaluation in psychotherapy research. In
A. E. Bergin & S. L. Garfield (eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior
change (pp. 19-71), 4th edition, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons,
Assessment
of Outcome: Measures
Barkham,
M., Margison, F., Leach, C., Lucock, M., Mellor-Clark, J., Evans, C., Benson,
L., Connell, J., Audin, K. & McGrath, G. (2001). Service profiling and
outcomes benchmarking using the CORE-OM: Towards practice-based evidence in the
psychological therapies. Journal of
Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69, 184-196.
Barkham
M, Gilbert, N., Connell, J., Marshall, C. & Twigg, E. (2005). Suitability
and utility of the CORE-OM and CORE-A for assessing severity of presenting
problems in psychological therapy services based in primary and secondary care
settings. British Journal of Psychiatry, 186, 239-246.
Beck,
A.T., Epstein, N., Brown, G. & Steer, R.A. (1988). An inventory for
measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal
of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 893-897.
Beck,
A.T., Steer, R.A. & Garbin, M.G. (1988). Psychometric properties of the Beck
Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical
Psychology Review, 8, 77-100.
Beck,
A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An
inventory for measuring depression. Archives
of General Psychiatry, 4, 561-571.
Endicott,
J., Spitzer, R.L., Fleiss, J.L., Cohen, J. (1976). The Global Assessment Scale:
Procedure for measuring overall severity of psychiatric disturbance. Archives
of General Psychiatry, 33,
766-771.
Evans,
C., Connell, J., Barkham, M., Margison, F., Mellor-Clark, J., McGrath, G. &
Audin, K. (2002). Towards a standardised brief outcome measure: Psychometric
properties and utility of the CORE-OM. British
Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 51-60.
Horowitz,
L.M., Rosenberg, S.E., Baer, B.A., Ureno, G. & Villasenor, V.S. (1988).
Inventory of Interpersonal Problems: Psychometric properties and clinical
applications. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 885-892.
Rosenberg,
M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton
University Press.
Spitzer,
R., Williams, J., Gibbon, M., & First, M. (1995). Structured
Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. New York, NY: American Psychiatric Press Inc.
Clinical
Significance
Jacobson,
N.S. & Truax, P. (1991). Clinical significance: A statistical approach to
defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research. Journal
of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 12-19.
Jacobson,
N.S., Roberts, L.J., Berns, S.B. & McGlinchey, J.B. (1999). Methods for
defining and determining the clinical significance of treatment effects:
Description, application, and alternatives. Journal
of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67,
300-307.
Nietzel,
M. T., Russell, R. L., Hemmings, K. A., & Gretter, M. L. (1987). Clinical
significance of psychotherapy for unipolar depression: A meta-analytic approach
to social comparison. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 156-161.
Ogles,
B.M., Lambert, M.J., & Sawyer, J.D. (1995).
Clinical significance of the National Institute of Mental Health
Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program Data.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical
Psychology, 63, 321-326.
Alternative
Explanations: Allegiance, Responsiveness
Gaffan,
E. A., Tsaousis, I., & Kemp-Wheeler, S. M. (1995). Researcher allegiance and
meta-analysis: The case of cognitive therapy for depression. Journal
of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 966-980.
Hardy,
G. E., Stiles, W. B., Barkham, M., & Startup, M. (1998). Therapist
responsiveness to client interpersonal styles during time-limited treatments for
depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 304-312.
Luborsky,
L., Diguer, L., Seligman, D. A., Rosenthal, R., Krause, E. D., Johnson, S.,
Halperin, G., Bishop, M., Berman, J. S., & Schweizer, E. (1999). The
researcher's own therapy allegiances: A ''wild card'' in comparisons of
treatment efficacy. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 6, 95-106.
Robinson,
L. A., Berman, J. S., & Neimeyer, R. A. (1990). Psychotherapy for the
treatment of depression: A comprehensive review of controlled outcome research. Psychological
Bulletin, 108, 30-49.
Stiles,
W. B., Honos-Webb, L., & Surko, M. (1998). Responsiveness in psychotherapy. Clinical
Psychology: Science and Practice, 5,
439-458.